"Stress and Coping Women With Infertility Problems In The Self-Contained Society"

Reproductive health attracts special attention in almost all countries of the world including in Indonesia.

Since the issue was raised at the InternationalConference on Population and Development (ICPD)in Cairo, Egypt in 1994.  Healthy understanding not only includes the absence of diseases or disabilities related to their functions, systems and processes, but includes mental and social health such as the absence of pressure or coercion in reproduction, the freedom to determine and regulate itself with regard to the process of reproduction.

For the people of Indonesia, there are many reasons why husband and wife want children. Children have a fairly important social role, the existence of children causes family ties to be strong and not easy to negotiate, children are a source of motivation for families to organize a better future. Having a successful child is a pride for the family and is an investment in old age. Most indonesians

You will see "not perfect and incomplete" if a family is not equipped with the presence of children (Samsulhadi, 2005).

Pressure from the social environment that considers the existence of children or the ability to have offspring or reproduce is a symbol of a woman's death will cause women to experience more severe emotional distress. Marital success and maturity level of a person is seen from the status of fertility or fertility. Although most married couples crave the presence of children, unfortunately not every marriage is awarded offspring.

Infertility can be said to be a stressfulexperience, because married couples perceive infertility problems as a threat to the welfare of couples. Tensions that arise due to feelings of "loss," while the feeling of "loss" can vary, such as feelings of loss of sexual identity, self-esteem, self-concept, relationships with partners, family, friends and careers and can continue to lose self-control over life goals (Old, London &Ladewig, 2000; Lowdermilk, Perry & Bobak 2000; Watkins & Baldo, 2005 http:// www.findarticles.com,obtained February 17, 2006).

Some cultures consider an infertility to be a woman's responsibility. A woman's inability to conceive is linked to her sins, past indecent acts, and shows that women are inadequate individuals (Anwar, 1997; Olds, London, Ladewig, 2000). Women initially feel that they are the cause of infertility, and often women are first diagnosed by society as individual causes of problems without first looking at the cause (female or male). Infertility problems also cause stress in men, but more and more stress is experienced by women (Watkins & Baldo, 2005). Not infrequently domestic violence occurs due to injustice considering problems related to infertility, so that in the end women who become victims both physically, economically, sexually and psychologically (Greil, 1997 in Benyamini, Gozlan & Kokia, 2004; Gibson, Myer, 2002 in Watkins & baldo 2004; Old, London & Ladewig2000).

The issue of physical infertility is not life threatening and is not a disease, but the psychological impact that occurs may be comparable to chronic diseases (Anwar, 1997; Benyamini, Gozlan, Kokia, 2004). The existence of emotional conflicts and the perception of her feelings in contrast to women who have children will reduce her excitement and happiness. On the other hand, happiness and joy in a person's life are important indicators for mental health (Markam, 1994).

Emotional tension and unkind social relationships can affect the success of infertility (Wilson &Kopitzke, 2002, http://www.biomedcentral.com, obtained January 6, 2007). This statement is supported by the results of Domar's research (2004) which showed that by getting rid of the reason for funding, married couples decided to stop treatment due to psychiatric problems. Stress on infertility problems when viewed from the above exposure can be a cause as well as a result or impact of infertility, so it is a very complex problem.

It is a society that still adheres to patrilineal culture. In patrilineal society the husband is the highest decision maker in the family, including the decision of women to determine their reproductive rights (Koentjaraningrat, 1999).  This will also affect the way people look at women with infertility problems and the importance of the existence of children in a family.

Therefore, it is very interesting to dig deeply into various fantasies in the form of women's stress in dealing with infertility problems and get detailed and clear information about efforts to overcome the problem. What's more, there is a new perspective in looking at health problems and diseases that involve not only biological aspects, but also psychological and social aspects, so it feels the need to dig up richer information about the contribution of psychological aspects to health.

Chapter 2. Problem Formulation

Infertility is a complex and wide-inged problem involving many factors, including psychosocial factors that affect infertility management. There is still a view that women are the cause of infertility will further add to the stress experienced by women with infertility problems. On the other hand, the issue of infertility can also further improve intimacy and communication between couples.

Humans as unique individuals different from others will have different perceptions and responses to a occurrence. Infertility is a life event that can be experienced by any individual and can be a stressor. Individual perception of infertile problems will certainly vary as well. Based on the formulation of the problem, the question of the study is: "How is the stress and coping of women with infertility problems in the community?

Infertility is a condition in which a woman is unable to become pregnant or pregnant until giving birth even though she has regular sexual intercourse without the use of a means of concept or after deciding to have children for a year or more (Benyamini, Gozlan, Kokia, 2004; Youngkin & Davis, 1998; Bobak, 1995).

Some studies on the length of time it takes to produce pregnancy show that for couples of fertile age, 25% of pregnancies will occur in the first month after marriage, 63% after six months, 75% after the ninth month, 80% after one year, and 90% after 1.5 years (Anwar, 2004, hhtp://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0402/10/dar 31.htm obtained december 1, 2007).  Fertility in women is high at the age of between 25-29 years, gradually decreases along with age and by the age of more than 40 years the jellyfish is already very low. Conversely, the incidence of infertility is actually higher with the age of women. At the age of 20-24 years the incidence of infertility is 6%, 9% at the age of 25-29 years, 15% at the age of 30-34 years, increased by 30% at the age of 35-39 years and 64% at the age of 40-45 years (Samsulhadi, 2005). The longer a couple marries without pregnancy, the smaller the incidence of life. Therefore, the treatment of infertility has a tendency to begin to be done after a married couple in the previous year obtained offspring.

Causes ofinfertility

Some things that can be the cause of infertility, but the most commonly encountered are physiological factors, both organic and non-organic, both of which can be found in women and men. A study showed that the cause of infertility is 40% in men, 40% of women, 10-20% is unknown or found in both (Speroff et al, 1994 in Olds 2000). Of these causes, almost 90% of infertility causes are due to factorbiomedis and the rest are unexplained factors. According toIrmansyah, Hadisaputra, Mediana, and Affandi (1996), in addition to biomedical factors, 8% of infertility is due to psychogenic factors.