IDAI | Adolescent Health in Indonesia

Objective

  • Know about adolescent health problems in Indonesia.
  • Know the programs to deal with adolescent problems in Indonesia.

    • Healthy is a state of complete prosperity both physically, mentally and socially, not just free from disease or disability. Adolescents are a group of people who are almost always assumed to be in good health. Many adolescents die prematurely from accidents, suicide attempts, violence, pregnancy complications and other illnesses that can actually be prevented or treated. There are also many serious behavioral diseases that begin in adolescence such as smoking, sexually transmitted diseases, drug abuse, alcohol, psychotropic, and other addictive substances (NAPZA), Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV-AIDS), malnutrition, and lack of exercise. All this, which will trigger disease or death at a young age.

    In adolescence there are changes both physical and psychic that cause adolescents in a condition prone to the process of growth and development. This is the time of the initial process of maturation of the reproductive organs and noticeable hormonal changes. Adolescents face a variety of complex problems related to physical changes, nutritional adequacy, psychosocial development, emotions and intelligence that eventually lead to conflicts within him that then affect his health. Adolescents with health problems attempt to react withdrew for these reasons. Prevention of the occurrence of health problems in adolescents requires understanding and attention from the environment both parents, teachers, peers, and related parties so that they can go through the transition from child to adult well.

    Who belongs to the group of teenagers?

    Adolescents are understood to be individuals who are at a time of transition from childhood to adulthood. This transition is referred to as the maturation phase (puberty), which is characterized by physical, psychic, and maturation changes in sexual function. At puberty, hormones associated with active growth are produced, and make adolescents have reproductive abilities. Psychological development is shown by the ability to think logically and abstractly so that it is able to think multi-dimensionally. Emotions in adolescence tend to be unstable, frequently changing, and erratic. Adolescents seek to give up socio-economic dependence, becoming relatively more independent. Adolescence is a period of crisis in an effort to find his identity.

    In terms of that adolescents have not been able to master their physical and psychic functions optimally, adolescents include children. For this, adolescents are grouped according to age range according to child health care goals. In accordance with the convention on the rights of children and Indonesian Law no. 23 of 2002 on child protection, adolescents aged between 10-18 years.

    Why pay attention to adolescent health?

    Rapid growth and development of physical, emotional, intellectual, and social aspects in adolescence is a characteristic pattern indicated by a great sense of curiosity, desire to experiment, adventure, and try various challenges, in addition to tending to dare to take risks without careful consideration first. The availability of access to good and accurate information, as well as knowledge to satisfy curiosity influences adolescents' skills in making decisions to behave. Adolescents will undergo risky behaviors, if decisions taken in the face of conflict are not appropriate and further accept the consequences that must be borne throughout their lives in various forms of physical and psychosocial health problems.

    Some of the reasons why this adolescent health program needs to be considered include:

  • The number of adolescents in Indonesia is approximately 20% of the population;
  • Adolescents are both assets and investments of future generations;
  • Efforts to fulfill human rights;
  • To protect potential human resources.

    • How is the health of teenagers in Indonesia?

    Adolescents face complex health problems, although it has been assumed to be a healthy group. From several surveys known the magnitude of adolescent problems, as shown by the following data: the Demographic and Health Survey of Indonesia (SDKI) in 2007 showed 17% of women who are currently aged 45-49, married at the age of 15 years; Meanwhile, there was a substantial increase in the age of women first married. Women aged 30-34 years who marry at the age of 15 years by 9%, while women aged 20-24 years who marry at the age of 15 years by 4% (BPS and Macro International, 2008).

    According to a 2007 Indonesian adolescent reproductive health survey (SKRRI), the percentage of unmarried women and men, aged 15-19 years is:

    • Active smokers to date: Women: 0.7%; Men: 47.0%.
    • Former alcohol drinker: Female: 1.7%; And men: 15.6%.
    • Active alcohol drinkers: women: 3.7%; Men: 15.5%.
    • Male drug users by smoking: 2.3%; inhaled: 0.3 %; Swallowed 1.3%.
    • Women first date at the age of <12 years: 5.5%; on 12-14 years of time: 22.6%; age 15-17 years: 39.5%; Age 18-19 years: 3.2%. Petting at courtship: 6.5%.
    • Men first date at the age of <12 years: 5.0%; age 12-14 years: 18.6%; age 15-17 years: 36.9%; Age 18-19 years: 3.2%. Petting during courtship: 19.2%.
    • Sexual experiences in women: 1.3%; Men: 3.7%.y
    • Men who had sex experience for the first time at age: <15 years: 1.0%; Age 16: 0.8%; age 17 years: 1.2%; age 18 years: 0.5%; Age 19: 0.1%.
    • The reasons for having sexual intercourse first before marriage in adolescents aged 15-24 years are: For women the highest reason is because it just happens (38.4%); forced by his partner (21.2%). While in men, the highest reason is because of curiosity (51.3%); It just happened (25.8%).
    • Eighty-four people (1%) of the respondents had experienced KTD, 60% of whom had or had an abortion.

    Cases of AIDS up to March 31, 2009 were reported through the quarterly report of the Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Control (Directorate General of P2PL), as follows:

    • The cumulative percentage of AIDS cases is based on:
    • Mode of transmission: syringe user: 42%; heterosexual: 48.4%; yhomosexual: 3.7%.
    • Age group: 15-19 years: 3.08%; 20-29 years: 50.5%.
    • The province with the highest number of AIDS patients in drug users is West Java, as many as 2,366 people.
    • Percentage of AIDS cases in injecting drug users in Indonesia based on gender, namely: men: 91.8%; women: 7.5%; Unknown: 0.7%.
    • Cumulative percentage of AIDS cases in injectable drug users in Indonesia by age group, namely: 15-19 years: 1.7%; and 20-29 years: 64.7%.

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